Different approaches: how to check for coronavirus in the USA and other countries of the world - ForumDaily
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Different approaches: how to check for coronavirus in the USA and other countries of the world

COVID-19 has spread to 160 countries. Scientists note the need to improve test systems and identify the disease at an early stage. RBC I studied the experience of different countries in testing for the 2019-nCoV virus and the patterns associated with it.

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Until a vaccine is found, testing remains the most important measure to combat the 2019-nCoV virus along with quarantines. A virologist from the University of Kent, Jeremy Rossman, in a conversation with RBC, noted that governments should not only take quarantine measures and limit crowds, but also increase the availability of tests for COVID-19.

“For example, in Britain, tests for a new virus are now available only for the most seriously ill, although such tests should be available to everyone,” he said.

Indeed, despite the pandemic, there is no single testing protocol. RBC studied the experience with test systems in different countries.

On the subject: The network came up with a quick test for the presence of coronavirus: what experts think about it

 

USA: bureaucratic problems

The low coverage of coronavirus testing 2019-nCoV in the United States on average - less than one test per 10 thousand people - is due to bureaucratic problems. Opportunities for development by US laboratories or the use of existing tests from other countries have faced regulatory challenges.

In addition, most of the test systems from the centers for the control and prevention of diseases sent to the field turned out to be defective. Medical companies received emergency permission to manufacture only by mid-March, and now the number of available test systems in the US should increase - manufacturers promise millions of sets. But the authorities urge to undergo an examination only if there are grounds and after consultation with a doctor.

In those states where more tests are carried out, a large incidence is recorded. For example, in the state of Washington, the prevalence of laboratory testing is much higher than the national average.

As of March 20, more than 16 thousand cases of the disease were diagnosed in the United States, more than 200 people died (data is constantly changing).

Russia: a test for those returning from abroad with a cold

In total, on March 19, Russia conducted 133 thousand tests for the 2019-nCoV coronavirus - eight tests for every 10 thousand people living in the country. The stock of tests is 700 thousand.

The Rospotrebnadzor decision of March 13 indicates the need for testing for everyone who has returned from Europe in the past two weeks, as well as those who have been abroad in the last month and have found symptoms of colds. The decree also requires determining the order of laboratory tests "of people who do not have signs of colds and who are not in contact with patients with COVID-2019, including the possibility of selecting material from such people at airports". It operates throughout Russia, with the exception of Moscow.

The authorities of the capital explained that the need for analysis is always determined only by the doctor, focusing on priority for several risk groups. The maximum risk group includes people with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, manifested within two weeks after returning from countries with major outbreaks of infection, as well as patients with pneumonia.

The government assured that there is no shortage of test systems in the country. According to the Minister of Health, Mikhail Murashko, there is no point in testing for 2019 coronavirus everyone.

As of March 20, 253 cases of the disease and 1 death were recorded in Russia.

Japan: a change of strategy

In Japan, as in the United States, they conducted less than one test per 10 thousand people as of March 18. The authorities initially decided not to conduct mass testing, considering a laboratory examination as a tool to obtain the most complete data on infection, and not as a way to identify patients for prescribing therapy. In early March, Japan included this test in the list of tests covered by health insurance, and the number of patients examined may increase.

As of March 20, 963 cases of the disease were diagnosed in Japan, 33 people died.

Italy: test for people with symptoms only

Italy has become the epicenter of a pandemic in the EU. As of March 20, more than 47 thousand people were infected, more than 4 thousand died - this is the highest rate according to the latest information among all countries of the world where coronavirus infections were recorded.

A February 25 document from the Italian Ministry of Health states that testing is done only for people with symptoms of a flu-like illness or a severe respiratory infection, as well as suspecting the presence of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus. In a circular dated February 22, the grounds for suspicion are described: the presence of symptoms combined with a travel history or close contact with the patient or an unexpected clinical course of a previously diagnosed disease of a different origin (if the patient received the necessary treatment).

This approach does not allow timely measures to contain the epidemic, said Giovanni di Perry, head of the infectious diseases department at the Amadeus of Savoy Hospital in Turin. He called it passive.

They decided to intensify the diagnosis in Veneto - one of the first regions of Italy where cases were detected. The head of the region, Luka Zaya, said that 2019-nCoV coronavirus tests will be carried out even for those who could accidentally contact with patients, for example, supermarket staff.

As of March 17, the level of testing for coronavirus 2019-nCoV in the country was the highest in Europe - 25 tests per 10 thousand people. In Lombardy, where the epidemic is the strongest, the level of testing is almost twice as high - 46 tests per 10 thousand people.

China: testing even with minimal suspicion

The peak of the epidemic in China has already been passed, and it was possible to take control of the outbreak of the disease, including through testing, Chinese doctors say. They emphasize that many patients carry a coronavirus infection asymptomatically or with minor symptoms and it is extremely important to identify such infected people and quarantine them in a timely manner. So, in the province of Hubei, where the 2019-nCoV virus was originally detected, the number of people tested was about 276 thousand people, or 47 tests per 10 thousand population.

The importance of testing on the example of China was also noted by the World Health Organization (WHO): the report on the joint mission of WHO and the PRC speaks of the principle of early diagnosis and early isolation applied in the country. Such an approach included, among other things, temperature measurement, polls at the entrance to various institutions and transport facilities, as well as testing of patients even with a low level of suspicion of infection.

As of March 19, in China more than 81 thousand cases of infection were recorded for the entire period from December 31, 2019. 3,2 thousand people died.

On the subject: The main symptoms of COVID-19: when to think about the Chinese coronavirus test

South Korea: mass tests for everyone

The same approach is followed in South Korea. There they launched mass testing, including the drive-through system, when you can check for infection without leaving your car (all tests are free). Thus, a large number of people can be checked for infection by avoiding contact between those who are being tested, doctors say. As early as March 8, South Korea remained the largest focus of infection outside of China (more than 7 thousand cases detected), but by March 19, the number of cases in the country increased by about a thousand people, while in Italy the number of infected people increased by several times.

Now the level of infection in South Korea is 3,3 times lower than the average in Italy - 16 people out of every 100 thousand. Of every thousand people, five have passed the test for coronavirus 2019-nCoV.

As reported by ForumDaily:

  • A new virus was discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. In 2020, it covered all continents except Antarctica. On March 11, US President Donald Trump imposed a ban on entering the United States from EU countries. The ban came into force on Friday, March 13, and will last at least 30 days. In particular, it will concern people who have visited the Schengen area over the past 14 days.
  • March 13 Trump due to coronavirus introduced a nationwide emergency regime in the US.
  • On March 11, WHO recognized the situation with the coronavirus pandemic, which covered more than 110 countries. Symptoms of Coronavirus COVID-19 Disease Available here.
  • Virologist's tips on how to protect yourself from infection - here to register:.
  • Taking advantage of the panic in the society because of the epidemic, fraudsters came up with several schemes to deceive victims of personal data and money. The most common ones can be found here.
  • Having succumbed to panic due to a state of emergency, Americans are massively buying toilet paperbut they cannot explain why they need it during the epidemic.
  • Trump has signed into law on paid leave due to coronavirus. Who can count on paid leave, read here.
  • Read all news about coronavirus in our special project.

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